E.G. Jay, March 1986, GASA Seminar On
Fumigation Technology in Developing Countries
TABLE 5. Time (hours) required to obtain 100% mortality of all life stages of Tribolium castaneum when exposed to four CO2 concentrations at 32, 38 and 43 degrees C.
Carbon Dioxide Percentage**
63% 77% 90% 99%
Eggs
32ºC 40 40 40 24
38ºC 24 24 24 16
43ºC 16+ 16 16 2
Larvae
32ºC 24+ 24+ 24+ 24
38ºC 48+ 48+ 24+ 6
43ºC 48 48 16 6
Pupae
32ºC 48 48 48 48
38ºC 48 48 48 6
43ºC 48 48 16 4
Adults
32ºC 24+ 24+ 16 16
38ºC 48 16 6 6
43ºC 24 16 6 1 |
Data for eggs are based on PRE from three replicates containing 75 eggs each; data from the other stages are from mortality in three replicates each containing 30 insects for each stage.
+ indicates that 100% mortality was not obtained in this period.
** indicates balance of concentration is air.
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